What is Electrochemical Migration?
Electrochemical migration (ECM) occurs when metal ions, such as those from tin, lead, or silver, dissolve in the presence of moisture and an electric field. These dissolved ions plate at the conductor of opposite polarity and can build up to form conductive pathways known as dendrites. Over time, these dendrites can grow large enough to bridge between the conductors, leading to device failure.
High Humidity Environments: The Perfect Conditions for ECM
High humidity environments are particularly conducive to ECM because moisture is a key factor in the migration process. With high humidity, moisture can penetrate the surface of PCBs and other components, creating ideal conditions for ECM.
Moisture Ingress: In humid conditions, moisture can seep into electronic assemblies, providing the electrolytic solution necessary for metal ions to dissolve and migrate. High humidity increases the likelihood for ingress.
Accelerated Failure: Harsh environments like high humidity accelerate the ECM process and bring a higher likelihood of device failure. High humidity brings greater potential for condensation events. These 'bulk' moisture conditions exceed the thin layers of water that form at ambient conditions and are particularly problematic. Identifying and mitigating risks associated with high humidity are crucial for preventing ECM.
The Power of Surface Insulation Resistance (SIR) Testing in Preventing ECM
At Magnalytix, we leverage Surface Insulation Resistance (SIR) testing as a powerful tool to identify and prevent electrochemical migration. SIR testing involves applying a bias voltage to a test circuit and measuring the resistance between conductors over time. This process simulates real-world environmental conditions, such as high humidity and high temperature, to assess the reliability of electronic assemblies and detect potential issues like ECM.
Early Detection of ECM: SIR testing can identify ionic contamination and detect the early stages of dendritic growth, allowing us to identify process flaws that that lead to ECM before it becomes an issue on production hardware. By detecting changes in insulation resistance, we can pinpoint areas where electrochemical migration is likely to occur and determine if a process is susceptible to it.
Environmental Simulation: Our SIR testing protocols utilize high humidity conditions to provide a realistic assessment of how susceptible your process is to electrochemical failures. This also allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of protective measures, such as conformal coating or other moisture barriers, in preventing ECM.
Unparalleled Expertise: With over 30 years of experience, led by industry leaders like Dr. Mike Bixenman, Magnalytix offers insights and solutions that go beyond standard laboratory testing. While other laboratories may provide data, they often lack the depth of understanding to explain the reasons behind the data or offer actionable solutions. Our expertise enables us to identify and address issues that others might overlook, ensuring your electronics are protected against ECM.
Identifying Tailored Solutions: When SIR testing reveals vulnerabilities, Magnalytix works closely with you to develop targeted solutions. This could include advice improving PCB design, selection of more appropriate materials, or other process suggestions that improve cleanliness. Our team's extensive experience and in-depth analysis ensure that we can offer solutions that other laboratories might not even consider.
Conclusion
Electrochemical migration is a significant threat to the reliability of electronic systems. Understanding the mechanisms of ECM and taking proactive steps to mitigate its effects are crucial for maintaining the longevity and performance of your electronics.
Magnalytix is committed to helping you prevent ECM through our advanced testing and consultation services. With Surface Insulation Resistance (SIR) testing and the unparalleled expertise of our team, led by Dr. Mike Bixenman, we provide not just data, but actionable insights and solutions that other laboratories might miss. Our goal is to ensure that your electronic systems remain reliable and durable, even in the most challenging environments.
For more information on how SIR testing and our other services can help you prevent electrochemical migration, contact us. Together, we can ensure that your electronics are built to last, even in the most humid environments.